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Global/ESI_4WK (MapServer)

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Service Description:

The new global dataset, called the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), available online and produced weekly at 5-kilometer resolution for the entire globe, reveals regions of drought where vegetation is stressed due to lack of water, enabling agriculture ministries to provide farmers with actionable advice about irrigation. The ESI can capture early signals of “flash drought,” a condition brought on by extended periods of hot, dry, and windy conditions leading to rapid soil moisture depletion. Reduced rates of water loss can be observed through the use of land surface temperature before it can be observed through decreases in vegetation health or “greenness.” The ESI describes soil moisture across the landscape without using observed rainfall data. This is critical in developing regions and other parts of the world lacking sufficient ground-based observations of rainfall. The ESI is based on satellite observations of land surface temperature, which are used to estimate water loss due to evapotranspiration (ET), the loss of water via evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and via transpiration through plant leaves. Generally, healthy green vegetation with access to an adequate supply of water warms at a much slower rate than does dry and/or stressed vegetation. Based on variations in land surface temperature, the ESI indicates how the current rate of ET compares to normal conditions. Negative ESI values show below normal ET rates, indicating vegetation that stressed due to inadequate soil moisture. (Plants’ first response when stressed from lack of water is to reduce their transpiration to conserve water within the plant.)



Map Name: ESI_4WK

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The new global dataset, called the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), available online and produced weekly at 5-kilometer resolution for the entire globe, reveals regions of drought where vegetation is stressed due to lack of water, enabling agriculture ministries to provide farmers with actionable advice about irrigation. The ESI can capture early signals of “flash drought,” a condition brought on by extended periods of hot, dry, and windy conditions leading to rapid soil moisture depletion. Reduced rates of water loss can be observed through the use of land surface temperature before it can be observed through decreases in vegetation health or “greenness.” The ESI describes soil moisture across the landscape without using observed rainfall data. This is critical in developing regions and other parts of the world lacking sufficient ground-based observations of rainfall. The ESI is based on satellite observations of land surface temperature, which are used to estimate water loss due to evapotranspiration (ET), the loss of water via evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and via transpiration through plant leaves. Generally, healthy green vegetation with access to an adequate supply of water warms at a much slower rate than does dry and/or stressed vegetation. Based on variations in land surface temperature, the ESI indicates how the current rate of ET compares to normal conditions. Negative ESI values show below normal ET rates, indicating vegetation that stressed due to inadequate soil moisture. (Plants’ first response when stressed from lack of water is to reduce their transpiration to conserve water within the plant.)



Copyright Text: Author: Christopher Hain (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center), Martha Anderson (USDA Agricultural Research Service)Credits: Jason Otkin (U. of Wisconsin) Thomas Holmes (NASA GSFC) Mark Svoboda (National Drought Mitigation Center, U. of Nebraska) Brian Wardlow (U. of Nebraska) Feng Gao (USDA-ARS) Xiwu Zhan (NOAA-NESDIS) Inbal Becker-Reshef (U. of Maryland) Brian Barker (U. of Maryland) Robert Tetrault (USDA-FAS)

Spatial Reference: 4326  (4326)


Single Fused Map Cache: false

Initial Extent: Full Extent: Time Info: Units: esriDecimalDegrees

Supported Image Format Types: PNG32,PNG24,PNG,JPG,DIB,TIFF,EMF,PS,PDF,GIF,SVG,SVGZ,BMP

Document Info: Supports Dynamic Layers: true

Resampling: false

MaxRecordCount: 2000

MaxImageHeight: 4096

MaxImageWidth: 4096

Supported Query Formats: JSON, geoJSON, PBF

Supports Query Data Elements: true

Min Scale: 0

Max Scale: 0

Supports Datum Transformation: true



Child Resources:   Info   Dynamic Layer

Supported Operations:   Export Map   Identify   QueryLegends   QueryDomains   Find   Return Updates